SATN Binary Format (BSATN)

The Spacetime Algebraic Type Notation binary (BSATN) format defines how Spacetime AlgebraicValues and friends are encoded as byte strings.

Algebraic values and product values are BSATN-encoded for e.g., module-host communication and for storing row data in the database.

Notes on notation

In this reference, we give a formal definition of the format. To do this, we use inductive definitions, and define the following notation:

• bsatn(x) denotes a function converting some value x to a list of bytes.
• a: B means that a is of type B.
• Foo(x) denotes extracting x out of some variant or type Foo.
• a ++ b denotes concatenating two byte lists a and b.
• bsatn(A) = bsatn(B) | ... | bsatn(Z) where B to Z are variants of A means that bsatn(A) is defined as e.g., bsatn(B), bsatn(C), .., bsatn(Z) depending on what variant of A it was.
• [] denotes the empty list of bytes.

Values

At a glance

AlgebraicValue

The BSATN encoding of an AlgebraicValue defers to the encoding of each variant:

bsatn(AlgebraicValue) = bsatn(SumValue) | bsatn(ProductValue) | bsatn(BuiltinValue) 
    

SumValue

An instance of a SumType. SumValues are binary-encoded as bsatn(tag) ++ bsatn(variant_data) where tag: u8 is an index into the SumType.variants array of the value's SumType, and where variant_data is the data of the variant. For variants holding no data, i.e., of some zero sized type, bsatn(variant_data) = [].

ProductValue

An instance of a ProductType. ProductValues are binary encoded as:

bsatn(elems) = bsatn(elem_0) ++ .. ++ bsatn(elem_n) 
    

Field names are not encoded.

BuiltinValue

An instance of a BuiltinType. The BSATN encoding of BuiltinValues defers to the encoding of each variant:

bsatn(BuiltinValue)
    = bsatn(Bool)
    | bsatn(U8) | bsatn(U16) | bsatn(U32) | bsatn(U64) | bsatn(U128)
    | bsatn(I8) | bsatn(I16) | bsatn(I32) | bsatn(I64) | bsatn(I128)
    | bsatn(F32) | bsatn(F64)
    | bsatn(String)
    | bsatn(Array)
    | bsatn(Map)

bsatn(Bool(b)) = bsatn(b as u8)
bsatn(U8(x)) = [x]
bsatn(U16(x: u16)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(U32(x: u32)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(U64(x: u64)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(U128(x: u128)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(I8(x: i8)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(I16(x: i16)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(I32(x: i32)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(I64(x: i64)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(I128(x: i128)) = to_little_endian_bytes(x)
bsatn(F32(x: f32)) = bsatn(f32_to_raw_bits(x)) // lossless conversion
bsatn(F64(x: f64)) = bsatn(f64_to_raw_bits(x)) // lossless conversion
bsatn(String(s)) = bsatn(len(s) as u32) ++ bsatn(bytes(s))
bsatn(Array(a)) = bsatn(len(a) as u32)
               ++ bsatn(normalize(a)_0) ++ .. ++ bsatn(normalize(a)_n)
bsatn(Map(map)) = bsatn(len(m) as u32)
               ++ bsatn(key(map_0)) ++ bsatn(value(map_0))
               ..
               ++ bsatn(key(map_n)) ++ bsatn(value(map_n)) 
    

Where

• f32_to_raw_bits(x) is the raw transmute of x: f32 to u32
• f64_to_raw_bits(x) is the raw transmute of x: f64 to u64
• normalize(a) for a: ArrayValue converts a to a list of AlgebraicValues
• key(map_i) extracts the key of the ith entry of map
• value(map_i) extracts the value of the ith entry of map

Types

All SATS types are BSATN-encoded by converting them to an AlgebraicValue, then BSATN-encoding that meta-value.

See the SATN JSON Format for more details of the conversion to meta values. Note that these meta values are converted to BSATN and not JSON.